Vertical and Horizontal Vibration of Granular Materials: …
the same horizontal and vertical frequency with a fixed phase difference, F › 0, between s hstd and s ystd. In the second set of experiments, v h and v y differed slightly, so that F varied in time. We used several materials, including roughly monodis-perse spherical glass beads, smooth nearly spherical Ot-tawa sand, and sieved rough sand ...